Poremećaji glasa u djece – iskustvo jednog centra

Lana Kovač Bilić, Ivana Šimić, Dora Raguž, Mario Bilić

Cilj studije: Poremećaji glasa u dječjoj su dobi česti i zahtijevaju što raniju dijagnostiku i liječenje. Ako se ne prepoznaju i ne liječe na vrijeme, prelaze u kroničnu promuklost koja može dovesti do poremećaja komunikacije u djece u najosjetljivijem razdoblju školovanja. Pristup takvom bolesniku zahtijeva multidisciplinarni tim koji čine otorinolaringolog, logoped i psiholog. Metode: Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 120 bolesnika u razdoblju od siječnja 2018. do siječnja 2020. godine, od toga 80 dječaka i 40 djevojčica u dobi od 4 do 18 godina. Kod svakog bolesnika glasnice su vizualizirane putem fiberendoskopije i videostroboskopije, svaki je bolesnik pregledan od strane logopeda i psihologa, a kod gotovo svih bolesnika provedena je logopedska glasovna rehabilitacija. Rezultati: Od 120 bolesnika s poremećajima glasa njih 104 je imalo stečeni, funkcionalni poremećaj, dok je 16 bolesnika imalo primarno organsku promjenu na glasnicama, od čega 7 ciste glasnica i 8 juvenilnu papilomatozu larinksa. Zaključak: Promuklost u djece je vrlo česta. U dijagnosticiranju i liječenju ove bolesti sudjeluje multidisciplinarni tim: otorinolaringolog, logoped i psiholog. Najveći dio bolesnika ima stečeni, funkcionalni poremećaj glasa i zahtijeva logopedsku glasovnu rehabilitaciju, dok je prema našem iskustvu kirurško liječenje indicirano u 13% bolesnika.

Background: Voice disorders in children are frequent and require early diagnosis and treatment. If not diagnosed in time, they can result in chronic hoarseness which can create communication disorders in children during sensitive school period. Multidisciplinary team comprising otolaryngologist, speech therapist and psychologist is necessary for diagnosis and treatment. Methods: A total of 120 patients were enrolled in this study between January 2018 and January 2020, 80 male and 40 female from four to 18 years old. Fiberendoscopy and videostroboscopy were performed in each patient, all were evaluted by speech therapist and psychologist, and
almost all of them underwent voice rehabilitation. Results: Out of 120 patients with voice disorders 104 had acquired, functional voice disorder, and 16 had primary organic vocal cord lesion, comprising seven vocal cord cysts and nine juvenile laryngeal papillomatoses. Conclusion: Hoarseness in children is frequent. Multidisciplinary team consisting of otolaryngologist, speech therapist, and psychologist is necessary in diagnosis and treatment of this disorder. The majority of patients had acquired, functional voice disorder, and required speech therapist voice rehabilitation. Based on our experience, surgery is indicated in 13% of cases.