Acute kidney injury, uncontrolled arterial hypertension and resulting chronic kidney disease after severe COVID-19 infection
Autori:
Ozrenka Zlopaša, Ana Vujaklija Brajković, Martina Bešter, Iva Košuta, Nina Gubarev Vrdoljak, Radovan Radonić
Sažetak
Summary
The primary clinical feature in patients suffering from severe COVID-19 is respiratory insufficiency and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, extrapulmonary complications are also possible. We present a case of a forty-nine-year-old male patient with arterial hypertension who developed a severe form of COVID-19 complicated with acute kidney injury and later with uncontrolled arterial hypertension. The patient was hospitalized on the 10th day of the disease due to deterioration of pulmonary function, which progressed to global respiratory insufficiency and necessitated orotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. The patient met the criteria of severe ARDS. In the early course of the disease the patient developed grade 3 acute kidney injury according to
KDIGO guidelines. Long-term renal replacement therapy was necessary. Along with the recovery of diuresis, significant proteinuria was noted accompanied by high blood pressure values, for which immunological assessment and kidney biopsy were performed. Kidney biopsy showed acute tubular necrosis without significant glomerular changes. The results of immunological tests were unremarkable. The disease was also complicated by gastrointestinal and respiratory haemorrhage and secondary hospital infections. Four months after the acute illness, the patient had decreased glomerular filtration (e-GFR 55 ml/min/1.73m2) without albuminuria, which could be classified as stage 3A of chronic kidney disease. This case report aims to present a case of a severe form of COVID-19, complicated by acute kidney injury followed by uncontrolled arterial hypertension in the later course of the treatment. The mentioned disorders occurred in a relatively younger, previously healthy patient and caused chronic consequences on kidney function. The above should encourage clinicians to consider and introduce regular evaluation of renal function and arterial hypertension as part of the follow-up of patients after the COVID-19.