Eltrombopag u liječenju aplastične anemije u Hrvatskoj – KROHEM-ova studija

Dražen Pulanić, Ena Ranković, Ivan Krečak, Viktor Blaslov, Marijo Vodanović, Ana Boban, Velka Gverić-Krečak, Marinka Jakić-Bubalo, Lana Desnica, Zinaida Perić, Toni Valković, Ranka Serventi-Seiwerth, Silva Zupančić Šalek, Igor Aurer

Cilj istraživanja: Cilj je ovog rada prikaz prvih hrvatskih iskustava pri primjeni eltrombopaga (peroralnog agonista trombopoetinskih receptora), nove opcije u liječenju aplastične anemije (AA). Ispitanici i metode: U ovu retrospektivnu analizu uključeni su odrasli bolesnici sa stečenom AA, liječeni eltrombopagom u hrvatskim hematološkim centrima. Rezultati: Od 2015. do 2019. eltrombopagom je liječeno 13-ero bolesnika s AA (9 žena (69%), medijan dobi 59 (26 – 79) godina): 6-ero ih je imalo tešku aplastičnu anemiju, 6-ero vrlo tešku, a 1 paroksizmalnu noćnu hemoglobinuriju s fenotipom teške AA. Svi su primili eltrombopag nakon prethodne, najmanje jedne linije terapije, i to ili kao monoterapiju ili u kombinaciji s ciklosporinom s niskom dozom metilprednizolona ili bez nje. Hematološki odgovor postiglo je 7-ero (54%) bolesnika: kompletnu remisiju njih četvero, parcijalnu remisiju dvoje, minimalan odgovor jedna bolesnica, a 6-ero (46%) bolesnika bilo je refraktorno. Medijan trajanja primjene eltrombopaga bio je 4 mjeseca (1,5 – 40 mjeseci). Primijenjena srednja doza eltrombopaga bila je 150 mg na dan, a opisane nuspojave bile su u skladu s poznatim podatcima o sigurnosti lijeka. Medijan praćenja iznosio je 16 (2 – 48) mjeseci, a u tom je razdoblju 69% bolesnika i dalje živo. U bolesnice, koja je postigla minimalan odgovor, nakon 8 mjeseci liječenja nastao je relaps AA i razvila se nova citogenska promjena (trisomija 8). Četiri su bolesnika umrla 7 (1 – 12) mjeseci poslije prekida terapije eltrombopagom, i to zbog komorbiditeta i infekcija. Zaključak: Prikazani podatci iz rutinskoga kliničkog rada hrvatskih hematoloških centara potvrđuju da je eltrombopag zanimljiva nova opcija liječenja odraslih bolesnika sa stečenom teškom AA, posebno onih koji su refraktorni na prethodnu imunosupresivnu terapiju i/ili nisu prikladni za transplantaciju alogenih krvotvornih matičnih stanica.

Aim: The aim of this study was to present the first Croatian experience with eltrombopag (a peroral thrombopoietin receptor agonist) as the novel treatment option for aplastic anemia (AA). Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective analysis on the use of eltrombopag for adult patients with acquired AA among Croatian hematology centers. Results: Between 2015 and 2019, thirteen adult patients (nine female (69%), median age 59 (26-79) years) with acquired AA were treated with eltrombopag: six of them had severe AA, six very severe AA, and one had paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria with severe AA fenotype. All patients received eltrombopag
after at least one previous line of treatment, either as a monotherapy or in combination with cyclosporine +/- low dose methylprednisolone. Hematological response was achieved in seven (54%) patients: complete remission in four, partial remission in two, and minimal response in one patient, while six (46%) patients were refractory. Median duration of eltrombopag administration was four (1,5-40) months. Median dose of eltrombopag was 150 mg per day and adverse events were consistent with the known safety data of the drug. Sixty-nine percent of the patients were still alive at a median follow up of 16 (2-48) months. One patient who achieved minimal response relapsed after eight months of treatment and developed new cytogenetic change (trisomy 8). Four patients died, seven (1-12) months after discontinuation of eltrombopag therapy, due to comorbidities and infections. Conclusion: Presented data from Croatian hematology centers in the real-world setting confirm that eltrombopag is an interesting new modality to treat adult patients with acquired severe AA, especially for those who are refractory to prior immunosuppressive therapy and/or unsuitable for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.