CLINICAL AND LABORATORY CHARACTERISTICS AT ONSET OF TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS IN CHILDREN

Autori:

Husref Tahirović, Alma Toromanović, Azra Feukić, Dženana Ostrvica

Sažetak

Istraživanje je poduzeto s ciljem da se u vrijeme otkrivanja bolesti u odnosu na dob pacijenta analiziraju kliničke i laboratorijske karakteristike šećerne bolesti tipa 1. Retrospektivnom studijom analizirana je medicinska dokumentacija pacijenata od 0 do 14 godina Klinike za dječije bolesti u Tuzli u kojih je dijagnosticirana šećerna bolest tipa 1 u razdoblju od 1. 1. 1990. do 31. 12. 2005. godine. Dobiveni podaci svrstani su u tri dobne skupine: od 0 do 4,9, od 5 do 9,9 i od 10 do 14 ¬godina (mlađa, srednja i starija grupa). Prije postavljanja dijagnoze bolest je statistički značajno kraće trajala u mlađoj grupi. Poliurija, polidipsija i gubitak tjelesne mase bili su glavni simptomi u svim dobnim skupinama. Medijan vrijednosti glukoze u krvi bio je 26,0 mmol/L i pH-vrijednosti 7,3. Učestalost dijabetičke ketoacidoze od 48,0% i srednje vrijednosti HbA1C od 10,7% na početku bolesti upućuju na to da bolest prije utvrđivanja dijagnoze nije dugo bila prepoznata. Dodatnom edukacijom o karakterističnim simptomima koji upućuju na šećernu bolest tipa 1 onih koji su u kontaktu s djecom mogao bi se prevenirati razvoj za život opasne dijabetičke ketoacidoze, ako se već šećerna bolest tipa 1 ne može spriječiti.

Summary

Summary. The aim was to describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of diabetes mellitus type 1 at its onset. The hospital records at Tuzla pediatric hospital were analysed of 109 children aged 0–14 who presented with diabetes between 1990 and 2005. The data base was divided into three age groups: 0–4.9, 5–9.9 and 10–14 years – referred to hereafter as the younger, middle and older age groups. We found the duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis to be significantly shortest in the younger age group. Polyuria, polydipsia and weight loss were the main presenting symptoms in all age groups. The median blood glucose value was 26.0 mmol/L and the pH value was 7.30. The incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis of 48.0% and the median HbA1c value of 10.7% at diagnosis indicate that disease was not recognised long before diagnosis. Since our desire is to avoid the development of ketoacidosis, it is necessary to educate people who are in permanent contact with children about the symptoms of diabetes type 1. This could to a certain degree prevent the presentation of the life-threatening condition of diabetic ketoacidosis, if the occurrence of diabetes cannot be prevented.