THE PAST AND PRESENT STATUS OF »MOTOR SPEECH AREA«: FROM CLASSICAL MODULAR »CENTER« TO NODAL AND SUPRAMODAL COMPONENT OF MULTIPLE NEURONAL NETWORKS
Autori:
Maja Cepanec, Miloš Judaš
Sažetak
Sažetak. U klasičnom, afaziološkom (Wernicke-Lichtheimovu) modelu neuralne podloge jezika, ključnu ulogu u produkciji govora imalo je tzv. motoričko područje za govor, smješteno u operkularnom i triangularnom dijelu lijeve donje čeone vijuge (frontooperkularna kora) te zamišljeno kao klasično »modularno središte« u sklopu jednostavne neuralne mreže ¬specifične za jezik. Međutim, suvremena istraživanja s in vivo oslikavanjem funkcija mozga u zdravih ispitanika pokazala su da je odnos jezika i mozga mnogo složeniji, da postoje višestruke, usporedne i međusobno povezane neuralne mreže za jezik te da je frontooperkularna kora tek jedna od nodalnih sastavnica tih mreža, koja ima više jezičnih i brojne nejezične funkcije i djeluje supramodalno (a ne kao puko motoričko središte). U ovom članku dajemo pregled tih novih spoznaja, s naglaskom na jezične i nejezične funkcije frontooperkularne kore koje potpuno nadilaze okvire klasičnog Wernicke-Lichtheimova modela.
Summary
Summary. In the classical, aphasiological (Wernicke-Lichtheim) model for neural basis of language, speech production was assigned to the »motor speech area« located in opercular and triangular part of the left inferior frontal gyrus (fronto-opercular cortex, Broca’s area) and conceptualized as a classical »modular centre« within a simple, language-specific neural network. However, recent neuroimaging studies on healthy volunteers have demonstrated a far more complex connection between brain and language: the left fronto-opercular cortex is just one of many nodal points in multiple and partially overlapping neural networks subserving language. In addition, the fronto-opercular cortex is not a simple motor centre, but part of supramodal (executive) frontal system with a number of language and non-language functions. We review these novel roles of the left fronto-opercular cortex, with focus on its functions which extend far beyond the scope of classical Wernicke-Lichtheim model.
