Non-opioid anesthesia of overweight patients during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (two cases)

Autori:

Ivo Jurišić, Morena Milić, Iva Smiljanić, Ana Brundula, Perislav Lauš, Vesna Jurišić

Sažetak
Pretilost je često povezana s komorbiditetnim stanjima (opstruktivna apneja u snu, hipertenzija, šećerna bolest tipa 2…). Anestezija temeljena na opioidima povećava rizik od kritičnih respiracijskih događaja tijekom oporavka od kirurškog zahvata, pogoršava učestalost i težinu postoperativne mučnine i povraćanja te dovodi do hiperalgezije. Zbog navedenog cilj je izbjeći ili značajno smanjiti primjenu opioida kod kirurškog zahvata na morbidno pretilim bolesnicima. Ovo daje prednost kombinaciji opće i regionalne anestezije. Prikazana su dva slučaja uzdužne resekcije želuca kod morbidno pretilih bolesnika uz anesteziju bez primjene opioida. Primijenjen je obostrani torakalni paravertebralni blok s levobupivakainom i deksametazonom postavljen uz pomoć ultrazvuka na razini Th 4 i Th 7. U operacijskoj dvorani napravljena je indukcija propofolom i esmeronom, a anestezija je održavana istim lijekovima. Na početku operacije pacijentima je za analgeziju dan metamizolnatrij hidrat, a na kraju operacije paracetamol. Ekstubirani su u jedinici za prijeanestezijski i postanestezijski nadzor. Nakon buđenja pacijenti su bili bez bolova, bez mučnine, imali su osjećaj zatezanja šavova i drena kod pomicanja. Na odjelu su dobili nesteroidni antireumatik, a tegobe koje su imali nisu bile posljedica kirurgije niti anestezije. Tijekom razdoblja praćenja (do kirurške kontrole nakon četiri tjedna) pacijenti nisu osjećali bolove vezano uz operaciju. Provedena je anestezija bez opioida, postignuta je odgovarajuća kontrola boli uz brzi oporavak aktivnosti crijeva i ranu mobilnost pacijenata.
Summary

Obesity is often associated with comorbid conditions (obstructive sleep apnea, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, etc.). Opioids increase the risk of critical respiratory events during recovery from surgery, the frequency and severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting and lead to hyperalgesia. Because of the above, opioids should be significantly reduced or avoided during surgery on morbidly obese patients. This favors a combination of general and regional anesthesia. Two cases of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in morbidly obese patients with opioid-free anesthesia are presented. A bilateral thoracic paravertebral block was applied with levobupivacaine and dexamethasone placed with the help of ultrasound at T4 and T7 levels. An induction with propofol and esmeron was performed in the operating room and anesthesia was maintained with the same drugs. At the beginning of the operation the patients were given metamizole sodium hydrate for anesthesia, and paracetamol at the end of the operation. They were extubated in the unit for pre- and post-anesthesia monitoring. After waking up, the patients were without pain, without nausea, they had a feeling of tightening of stitches and drains when moving. They were given non-steroidal antirheumatic drug in the ward, and the complaints they had were
not the result of surgery or anesthesia. During the follow-up period (until the surgical control after four weeks), the patients were pain-free related to the surgery. Anesthesia was performed without opioids, adequate pain control was achieved with a rapid recovery of bowel activity and early patient mobility.

Volumen: 7-8, 2023

Liječ Vjesn 2023;145:273–277

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