Zoonoze u Zeničko-dobojskoj županiji i Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine

Lejla Čalkić, Lejla Bajramović-Omeragić, Alis Kozica

Cilj istraživanja. Ciljevi istraživanja bili su: ukazati na značaj zoonoza u ljudi te istražiti koje se zoonoze u ljudi najčešće javljaju u Zeničko-dobojskoj županiji (ZDŽ) i Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine (FBiH), tijekom desetogodišnjeg razdoblja (2010. – 2019. godine). Materijal i metode. U svrhu istraživanja korišteni su podatci o osam najučestalih zoonoza (salmoneloze, bruceloza, leptospiroza, Q-groznica, hemoragijska groznica s renalnim sindromom, borelioza, ehinokokoza, listerioza), temeljem prijava Instituta za zdravlje i sigurnost hrane Zenica i Federalnog zavoda za javno zdravstvo. Dijagnoze su postavljene klinički, mikrobiološki i/ili epidemiološki. Rezultati. Tijekom desetogodišnjeg razdoblja u ZDŽ prijavljena je 871 zoonoza. Najviše (191/871; 21,9%) prijavljenih bilo je 2019. godine. Najučestalija zoonoza bila je salmoneloza (343/871; 39,4%; 95,3/100.000 stanovnika), a zatim slijedi bruceloza (323/871; 37,1%; 87,7/100.000). Najčešća zoonoza u FBiH je salmoneloza (2.764/5.219; 53%; 125,6/100.000). Na drugom mjestu je bruceloza (1.505/5.219; 28,8%; 68,4/100.000). Leptospiroza (386/5.219; 7,4%; 17,5/100.000), Q-groznica (203/5.219; 3,9%; 9,2/100.000) i hemoragijska groznica s renalnim sindromom (164/5.219; 3,1%; 7,5/100.000) javljaju se povremeno, u vidu manjih ili većih epidemija. Ostale zoonoze javljaju se sporadično. Zaključak. Zoonoze su od posebnoga javnozdravstvenog značaja i zahtijevaju blisku interdisciplinarnu suradnju različitih profila stručnjaka (iz područja medicine, veterine, šumarstva, biologije, zoologije, ekologije), poduzimanje učinkovitih mjera u nadzoru i suzbijanju te proučavanju i znanstvenom istraživanju tih bolesti.

Aim. The objectives of the study were to clarify the importance of zoonoses in humans, and to show which zoonoses occurred most often in Zenica-Doboj County (ZDC) and Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FB&H) over a ten-year period (2010–2019). Methods. For the purpose of the research, the data on reported zoonoses (salmonellosis, brucellosis, leptospirosis, Q fever, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, borreliosis, echinococcosis, listeriosis)of the Institute for Health and Food Safety Zenica and the Federation Institute of Public Health. Diagnoses are clinical, microbiological and/or epidemiological. Results. A total of 871 zoonoses were reported in ZDC in the given period. The highest (191/871; 21.9%) reported zoonoses were in 2019. The most common zoonosis was salmonellosis (343/871; 39.4%; 95.3/100.000), followed by brucellosis (323/871; 37.1%; 87.7/100.000). The most common zoonosis in FB&H is salmonellosis (2.764/5.219; 53%; 125.6/100.000). In second place is brucellosis (1.505/5.219; 28.8%; 68.4/100.000). Leptospirosis (386/5.219; 7.4%; 17.5/100.000), Q fever (203/5.219; 3.9%; 9.2/100.000) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (164/5.219; 3.1%; 7.5/100.000) occur periodically, in the form of minor or major epidemics. Other zoonoses occur sporadically. Conclusion. Zoonoses are of special public health importance and require close interdisciplinary cooperation of various profiles of experts (in the field of medicine, veterinary, forestry, biology, zoology, ecology) in taking effective measures in the control, study and scientific research of these diseases.