CROATIAN POPULATION AND CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE (1995–2011): THE USE OF ABC SCORE AND RACHS-1 CARDIOSURGICAL MODEL FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY OF TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
Autori:
Ivan Malčić, Daniel Dilber, Hrvoje Kniewald, Darko Anić, Dražen Belina, Dalibor Šarić, Dorotea Bartoniček, Alen Hodalin, Andrea Dasović-Buljević, Sanja Dorner, Vitomir Metličić, Karmen Markičević, Marija Sršen-Krstulović
Sažetak
Cilj: 1. Prikazati epidemiološku (populacijsku i kliničku) studiju prirođenih srčanih grješaka (PSG) u Hrvatskoj u razdoblju od 16 godina (1995. – 2011.). 2. Analizirati ishod operacijskog pristupa za sve bolesnike u petogodišnjem razdoblju (2002. – 2007.) i usporediti rezultate između Hrvatske i inozemnih centara. 3. Prikazati napredak u operacijskom zbrinjavanju PSG-a u Hrvatskoj uzimajući u obzir potrebu za postizanjem rane postoperacijske smrtnosti ispod 5%. 4. Ocijeniti projekciju pozitivnog razvoja zbrinjavanja PSG-a u Hrvatskoj u suradnji s razvijenijim kardiokirurškim centrima u susjednim zemljama. Metode: Populacijska studija obuhvaća svu djecu rođenu između 1995. – 2000. godine te između 2002. – 2007. godine na osnovi baze podataka sastavljene prema uzoru na EUROCAT i BWIS. Za analizu ishoda koristili smo se dvama modelima (ABC i RACHS-1) s ocjenom rane smrtnosti i vremena provedenog u jedinici intenzivnog liječenja. Rezultati: Srednja vrijednost prevalencije PSG-a na osnovi dviju odvojenih studija u Hrvatskoj jest 7,6 promila. Na temelju analize ishoda prema spomenutim evaluacijskim modelima za razdoblje od 2002. do 2007. godine u Hrvatskoj se operiraju djeca s nižim stupnjem kompleksnosti u odnosu prema kompleksnosti upućenih u inozemne centre, ali je zato rana smrtnost ispod zadane granice od 5%, a nema ni razlika u vremenu provedenom u jedinici intenzivnog liječenja. U tom je razdoblju u inozemstvu učinjeno čak 63% operacija, a u Hrvatskoj preostalih 37% (351 : 202). U sljedećem četverogodišnjem razdoblju (2008. – 2011.) znatno se povećava broj operacija učinjenih u Hrvatskoj u odnosu prema inozemstvu (59 : 4% ili 380 : 264). Nezavisna analiza EACTS-a upućuje na pozitivan trend postupnog porasta broja operacija uz prihvaćanje više razine kompleksnosti u Hrvatskoj, ali uz očuvani cilj (rana smrtnost ispod 5%). Doprinos studije: Ispravni odabir bolesnika prema kompleksnosti kardiokirurškog zahvata preduvjet je za nisku smrtnost i rijetke postoperacijske komplikacije. Napredak u struci u uskoj suradnji s razvijenijim inozemnim centrima uspješniji je i prihvatljiviji nego s »krivuljama učenja«. Zaključak: Pedijatrijska kardijalna kirurgija mora se u zemljama u razvoju oslanjati na iskustva razvijenih kardiokirurških centara u susjednim zemljama zbog kompleksnosti prirođenih srčanih grješaka. Sama po sebi pedijatrijska je kardiologija javnozdravstveni problem, a on se povećava s pojavom velikog broja odraslih pacijenata s prirođenim srčanim grješkama.
Summary
Aim: 1. To present an epidemiological (population and clinical) study of congenital heart defects (CHD) in Croatia in a 16-year period (1995–2011). 2. To analyze outcomes of surgical procedures for all patients in a five-year period (2002–2007) and to compare the results between Croatian and foreign centers. 3. To present the progress in surgical care of CHD in Croatia while acknowledging the requirement of achieving postsurgical mortality rate of below 5%. 4. To evaluate the projection of positive development of CHD management in Croatia in cooperation with major cardiac surgical centers in the neighboring countries. Methods: Population study includes all children born from 1995 to 2000 and from 2002 to 2007 included in a database modeled by EUROCAT and BWIS. Outcome analysis was made using two models (ABC and RACHS-1) with early mortality rating and prolonged length of stay. Results: Based on two separate studies, mean value of CHD prevalence in Croatia is 7.6 ‰. Outcome analysis according to the two mentioned evaluation models for the 2002–2007 period shows that children operated on in Croatia had a lower level of complexity compared to the complexity of those sent to foreign centers, but early mortality was below the assigned margin of 5% and there were also no differences in prolonged length of stay. As much as 63% of surgeries in the period were performed abroad, while the remaining 37% were performed in Croatia (351:202). In the following four-year period (2008–2011) there was a significant increase in the number of surgeries performed in Croatia when compared to those performed abroad (59:4% or 380:264). Independent EACTS analysis points to a positive trend of gradual increase in the number of surgeries and acceptance of higher complexity level of surgeries performed in Croatia, while maintaining the assigned margin (early mortality below 5%). Contribution: Proper selection of patients according to the complexity of cardiac surgical procedure is a prerequisite for both low mortality and fewer postsurgical complications. Professional advance relying on close cooperation with foreign centers is much faster and more acceptable than by »learning curves«. Conclusion: Pediatric cardiac surgery in the developing countries must rely on the experiences of developed cardiac surgical centers in the neighboring countries due to complexity of congenital heart defects. Pediatric cardiology is inherently a public health problem, but the problem exacerbates with the appearance of a large number of adults with congenital heart defects (GUCH patients).
