PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES AND HEALTHCARE WORKFORCE IN BAKAR OF THE 18TH AND 19TH CENTURY

Autori:

Tatjana Čulina

Sažetak

Slijedom razmjerno malo sačuvane i neistražene izvorne arhivske građe te nekoliko objavljenih članaka u radu se prikazuju razvoj i organizacija zdravstvene službe i navode zdravstveni djelatnici u gradu Bakru tijekom XVIII. i XIX. stoljeća. Na razmeđi stoljeća u gradu je nakratko djelovao »špital« za oboljele u epidemiji tzv. »škrljevske bolesti«, a zdravstvene usluge pučanstvu pružala su dva liječnika i jedan kirurg. Tijekom stoljeća u gradu je zabilježeno djelovanje dvaju novih gradskih liječnika i četiriju kirurga te tri do šest licenciranih gradskih primalja. Tijekom stoljeća neprekidno je djelovala i gradska ljekarna. Uz živi promet luke djelovala je i izvrsno razvijena lučko-pomorska i preventivno-sanitarna služba. Mijenjanjem gospodarske situacije tijekom stoljeća, od početnog zamaha do stagnacije i depopulacije (od 7.600 na 2.000 stanovnika), grad je počeo sustavno zaostajati u svim vidovima javnog života pa i zdravstvene zaštite. Maksimalno je reducirana lučko-pomorska služba, a broj zdravstvenih djelatnika postupno se sveo na pokojeg liječnika i kirurga i nekoliko gradskih primalja.

Summary

This review article draws on scarce and poorly studied archival information and several published articles to describe the development and organisation of public health services in the town of Bakar over the 18thand 19th century. For a short while at the turn of the 19th century, Bakar established a hospital run by two physicians and one surgeon to treat patients affected by the so called Škrljevo disease, an endemic type of syphilis. As the century went on, the number of healthcare providers increased by two more physicians, four surgeons, and three to six licensed midwives. There was also a town pharmacy, that worked all that time. As a busy port, the town also provided well-organised maritime sanitary services. As its economy changed over the two centuries to come to a halt after an initial boom, which resulted in a severe drop in population from 7600 to 2000 people, public services deteriorated, including public health. Maritime services suffered the hardest blow, while the workforce gradually came down to one or two physicians and surgeons and several midwives.

Volumen: 9-10, 2014

Liječ Vjesn 2014;136:296–299