Calcineurin inhibitors in treatment of membranous nephropathy – kidney function long term outcomes

Autori:

Bojana Šimunov, Iva Canjuga Sever, Bojana Maksimović, Željka Jureković, Lada Zibar, Branislav Čingel, Ivan Margeta, Snježana Šulc, Ksenija Vučur Šimić, Mladen Knotek, Mario Laganović

Sažetak
Cilj: Kalcijneurinski inhibitori (CNI) temelj su liječenja membranske nefropatije (MN). Nefrotoksičnost CNI-ja neželjeni je učinak koji ograničava njihovu primjenu. Željeli smo istražiti dugoročne ishode i bubrežnu funkciju u bolesnika liječenih CNI-jem samostalno ili u kombinaciji s rituksimabom, u usporedbi s drugim protokolima liječenja. Ispitanici i metode: U retrospektivno kohortno istraživanje uključeni su svi bolesnici s MN-om liječeni u KB Merkur koji su imali barem jednu godinu praćenja. Usporedili smo one liječene s CNI-jem najmanje dva mjeseca s bolesnicima liječenima samo ciklofosfamidom ili rituksimabom bez CNI-ja. Rezultati: Ukupno je bilo 27 bolesnika, 78,8% muškaraca, medijana dobi 54 godine (IQR 43,5 – 59,5). Njih 75,8% imali su nefrotski sindrom. Medijan vremena praćenja bio je 75 mjeseci (IQR 20,5 – 121,5). U CNI skupini bilo je 19 bolesnika, medijana dobi 48 godina (IQR 39 – 55,5), 71,4% muškaraca. U skupini koja nije liječena CNI-jem bilo je 8 bolesnika, medijana dobi 60 godina (IQR 57 – 66), 75% muškaraca. Nije bilo značajne razlike u postotku pozitivnih na protutijela na receptor za fosfolipazu A2 između skupina, 76,5% naspram 50%, P=0,359. Nije nađena značajna razlika u promjeni procijenjene stope glomerulske filtracije (eGFR) nakon jedne godine, P=0,186. Nije bilo značajne razlike u proteinuriji nakon jedne godine. U skupini CNI 89,5% je bilo u kompletnoj remisiji na kraju prve godine prema 87,5% u skupini bez CNI, P=0,663. Prosječni eGFR na posljednjoj kontroli bio je 74,1±22,8 ml/ min/1,73 m2 u skupini CNI, a 72,3±18,1 ml/min/1,73 m2 u skupini bez CNI (P=0,84) i do tada niti jedan bolesnik u obje skupine nije razvio završni stupanj bubrežne bolesti. Zaključak: CNI predstavljaju sigurnu i učinkovitu terapiju MN-a, sami ili u kombinaciji s drugim lijekovima. Potrebna su istraživanja s većim brojem ispitanika kako bi se potvrdili naši rezultati.
Summary

Aim: Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) are the mainstay treatment of membranous nephropathy (MN). Nephrotoxicity of CNI remains a concern and limits their use. We aimed to evaluate long-term outcomes of patients with MN treated with CNI alone or in combination with rituximab (RTX) compared to other regimens. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with MN treated with CNI for at least two months and who had at least one year of follow-up. We compared them to patients treated with cyclophosphamide (CYC) or RTX alone without CNI. Results: There were in total 27 patients, 78,8% male, median age 54 years (IQR 43,5 – 59.5). At presentation 75.8% had nephrotic syndrome. Median follow-up time was 75 months (IQR 20.5 – 121.5). There were 19 patients in the CNI group, median age 48 years (IQR 39 – 55.5), 71.4% male, and eight patients who didn’t receive CNIs, median age 60 years (IQR 57 – 66), 75% male. There was no significant difference in aPLA2R positivity, 76.5% vs 50% respectively, p=0.359. No significant difference in change of eGFR at one year was detected, p=0.186. There was no significant difference in proteinuria at one year, p=0.275. At one year 89.5%
patients were in full remission in the CNI group, vs 87.5% in the other group (p=0.663). Mean eGFR at last followup was 74.1±22.8mL/min/1.73m2 in the CNI group, and 72.3±18.1mL/min/1.73m2 in the group who hadn’t received CNIs (p=0.840). None of the patients in both groups had ESKD at last follow-up. Conclusion: CNIs present a safe and effective treatment of MN, both alone and as a part of combination regimens. Larger studies on longterm outcomes are needed to further evaluate our findings.

Volumen: 5-6, 2024

Liječ Vjesn 2024;146:170–174

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