FOLLOW-UP OF PATIENTS WITH CLASSICAL HODGIN LYMPHOMA AFTER TREATMENT – NOVEL EVIDENCE AND DILEMMAS. LITERATURE REVIEW
Autori:
Vibor Milunović, Karla Mišura Jakobac, Ana Planinc-Peraica, Slobodanka Ostojić Kolonić
Sažetak
Cilj je ovoga preglednog rada prikazati suvremeno stajalište struke, ali i prijepore u svezi s medicinskom skrbi za bolesnike s klasičnim Hodgkinovim limfomom u prvoj remisiji. Većina bolesnika s klasičnim Hodgkinovim limfomom izliječena je prvom linijom terapije i u nastavku je važan medicinski pristup radi otkrivanja mogućeg relapsa. Pregledom literature nismo našli jednoznačne smjernice za rutinsko praćenje bolesnika slikovnim metodama, tj. kompjutoriziranom tomografijom ili pozitronskom emisijskom tomografijom. Prema dokazima u literaturi, otkriće asimptomatskog relapsa nije povezano s poboljšanim ishodom liječenja. Za sada se može smatrati da su standardne kliničke i radiološke metode dostatne za praćenje ovih bolesnika. Kasne toksičnosti uzrokovane mnogim lijekovima i zračenjem znatno pridonose morbiditetu bolesnika. To uključuje pojavu sekundarnih solidnih malignoma (ponajprije karcinoma pluća i dojke) i hematoloških neoplazma koštane srži te pojavu benignih toksičnosti kao što su poremećaji funkcije štitnjače, fertiliteta i kardiovaskularnih bolesti. Usprkos obilju literature i smjernica za praćenje ovih bolesnika nakon završetka liječenja, za sada ne postoje rezultati prospektivnih istraživanja koji bi pružili temelj zasnovan na dokazima za nove smjernice i preporuke. Smatramo da otkrivanje kasne toksičnosti treba biti prilagođeno pojedinačnom bolesniku, sukladno specifičnom liječenju i kasnijem utjecaju te toksičnosti na mogući morbiditet u ovih bolesnika.
Summary
In this review we present current evidence for the follow-up of patients treated for classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Nowadays introduction of novel therapies enabled successful treatment in most patients with classical HL in first remission with 5-year overall survival rate estimation of 80%. We have performed extensive literature search on the methodological approach to detection of relapse. Evidence regarding imaging clinical methods in detecting relapse on serial computed tomography and/or positron emission tomography scans is scarce. These imaging modalities are associated with considerable economic cost, unnecessary exposure to radiation and patients’ stress. Furthermore, the detection of asymptomatic relapse does not seem to be associated with improved outcome in this patient group. Available data on this subject indicate that standard imaging methods, such as ultrasound, and judicious clinical examination in detecting of relapse should be the basis of HL patient follow-up. Late toxicity due to various modalities of treatment represents serious morbidity in HL. They vary from secondary solid cancers and hematologic neoplasms, associated with poor outcome, to benign disorders (fertility issues, thyroid dysfunction, cardiovascular and lung disorders). Current data on the incidence, prevalence and etiological factors do not yet provide evidence on appropriate screening methods. Most recommendations in various guidelines are associated with low level of evidence (grade IV). We, therefore, propose individually-tailored screening methods for each patient based on the modality of treatment received.
