VESTIBULAR NEURONITIS: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Autori:
Dinka Žaper, Ivan Adamec, Tereza Gabelić, Magdalena Krbot, Velimir Išgum, Sanja Hajnšek, Mario Habek
Sažetak
Vestibularni neuritis (VN) jedan je od najčešćih perifernih uzroka vrtoglavice. Kalorimetrijsko ispitivanje vestibularnog organa zlatni je standard u dijagnostici VN-a. Ipak, novija istraživanja ističu praktičnost primjene kliničkih testova koji se izvode uz krevet bolesnika, a usporedivi su s osjetljivosti i specifičnosti u odnosu prema zlatnom standardu. Riječ je o »head thrust«, »head heave«, »head shake« i vibracijskom testu. Osim kalorimetrijskog testiranja kao zlatnog standarda u dijagnostici VN-a, vestibularni evocirani miogeni potencijali (VEMP) mogu razlikovati oštećenje gornje i donje grane vestibularnog živca, ali i periferno od centralnog oštećenja. Unatoč tomu što je u liječenju VN-a već dugo ustaljena primjena glukokortikoida, novija istraživanja opravdanost njihove upotrebe dovode u pitanje, a s druge se strane naglašava važnost fizikalne rehabilitacije. U ovome preglednom članku bit će iznesene najnovije spoznaje o patofiziologiji, dijagnostici i liječenju bolesnika s VN-om.
Summary
Vestibular neuritis (VN) is one of the most common causes of peripheral vertigo. Caloric testing has been the traditional gold standard for detecting a peripheral vestibular deficit, but some recently developed bedside tests (head thrust, head heave, head shake and vibration test) were evaluated as a good alternative with similar sensitivity and specificity. These tests have shown both diagnostic value in the short term and prognostic value in the long term, and have availability and ease of use as an advantage. As an addition to clinical examination, vestibular evoked myogenic potentials can differentiate between involvement of superior and inferior branch of the vestibular nerve, but also between peripheral and central lesions. Although glucocorticoids are currently widely used in the treatment of VN, there is a lack of evidence for the validity of their administration. There are a number of high quality clinical trials that suggest vestibular rehabilitation exercises, which are based on the mechanisms of vestibular compensation, in the managment of VN. This review will focus on the latest developments in the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of patients with VN.
