URINARY TRACT DYSFUNCTION IN SPINAL CORD INJURY PATIENTS
Autori:
Saša Moslavac, Ivan Džidić, Aleksandra Moslavac, Pavao Vlahek, Zoran Filipan
Sažetak
Ozljeda kralježnične moždine (OKM) rezultira paralizom, ali i smetnjama mokrenja, zbog čega se tijekom rehabilitacije i života posebna skrb vodi o očuvanju donjeg urotrakta kako bi se spriječila patološka stanja gornjeg urotrakta s nizom komplikacija. Ta skrb uključuje pravodobnu i standardiziranu neurološku i urološku obradu te tehnike eliminacije od kojih se najviše rabi intermitentna kateterizacija. Urološka obrada uključuje uzorkovanje krvi i urina, urinokulturu, ultrazvučno i rendgensko snimanje urotrakta te cistometriju kao pretragu dinamičkih svojstava neurogenoga mokraćnog mjehura. Dokazano je da i kod bolesnika s nepotpunim OKM-om nastaje neurogeni mjehur sličnih karakteristika kao kod bolesnika s potpunom ozljedom, tj. smanjene su vrijednosti cistometrijskog kapaciteta i povišene vrijednosti intravezikalnog tlaka, ugrožavajući gornji urotrakt. Također, pokazano je da nema razlike u tim vrijednostima između pojedinih razina neurološke ozljede: cervikalne, torakalne, torakolumbalne i lumbalne, pa su takvi rizici podjednaki u svakoj od tih skupina bolesnika. Zaključno, potrebno je kod svih bolesnika s OKM-om provoditi dijagnostiku urotrakta za dobrobit kvalitete i duljine života bolesnika.
Summary
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results with paralysis but also with micturition dysfunction; therefore rehabilitation management and long-term follow-up include lower urinary tract care in order to prevent upper urinary tract pathology and complications. That comprises timely and standardized neurological and urological diagnostics and eliminatory techniques with intermittent catheterisation in majority of patients. Urological diagnostics include blood and urine tests, urine culture, ultrasound and X-ray of urinary tract, and cystometry to assess dynamic properties of neurogenic bladder. It has been proven that incomplete SCI patients have neurogenic bladder with similar findings as patients with complete injuries, i.e. cystometric capacities are reduced while intravesical pressures are increased, which endanger upper urinary tract. Furthermore, it has been shown that there is no difference of these findings between particular levels of injury: cervical, thoracic, thoracic-lumbar and lumbar, so these risks are similar in every group. Conclusively, it is necessary to conduct urinary tract diagnostics in SCI patients for sake of the quality and quantity of patients’ lives.
