THE ROLE OF GESTATIONAL AGE AND NUMBER OF FE EXAMINATIONS IN IMPROVING DIAGNOSING OF FETAL CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

Autori:

Rea Levicki, Slavica Sović, Ivan Malčić

Sažetak
Deskriptivno istraživanje: Utjecaj gestacijske dobi i broja pregleda fetalnom ehokardiografijom na poboljšano otkrivanje prirođenih srčanih bolesti kod fetusa. Prema literaturi, fetalna ehokardiografija (FE) ima najveću dijagnostičku osjetljivost za srčane bolesti fetusa između 22. i 24. tjedna gestacije. Osjetljivost pretrage ovisi o vremenu pretrage, iskustvu dijagnostičara, vrsti srčane bolesti i broju pregleda pojedine trudnice. Cilj našeg istraživanja jest odrediti najpogodnije vrijeme za FE respektirajući indikacijske smjernice te moguću potrebu za većim brojem pregleda radi povećanja senzitivnosti pretrage u prenatalnom otkrivanju srčanih bolesti. Želimo dati vlastiti doprinos povećanju senzitivnosti FE-a. Rezultati: Istraživanje je učinjeno na uzorku od 1380 trudnica koje su pregledane u Fetalnoj kardiološkoj ambulanti Kliničkoga bolničkog centra (KBC) Zagreb u razdoblju od 1. 1. 2012. do 1. 1. 2015. Učinjen je 2001 pregled (neke su trudnice pregledane 2 i više puta), što čini godišnji prosjek od 600 do 670 pregleda. Većinu indikacija određivali su opstetričari, manji dio uputili su reumatolozi, genetičari ili drugi supspecijalisti, dok je dio trudnica tražio pregled prema vlastitoj želji. Pozitivan nalaz PSG-a ili druge srčane bolesti imalo je 14,2% trudnica, odnosno 196 fetusa. Najveći broj grješaka u našem istraživanju otkriven je u indikacijskom razdoblju od 22. do 28. i od 32. do 36. gestacijskog tjedna (64 + 57 = 121 ili 61,7%). Kod većine je patološki nalaz utvrđen na prvom pregledu, a kod 27 trudnica (10,3%) na 2. ili 3. pregledu. Zaključak: U rizičnoj skupini trudnica FE bi trebalo prvi put raditi između 22. i 28. gestacijskog tjedna, a drugi put nakon navršenoga 32. tjedna gestacije. Da bismo postigli optimalnu senzitivnost pretrage, svaku trudnicu valjalo bi pregledati najmanje dva puta. Trudnice sa sistemskim bolestima vezivnog tkiva valja predložiti za FE prije navršenoga 15. tjedna trudnoće.
Summary

Descriptive study: The role of gestational age and number of FE examinations in improving detection of congenital heart defects in newborns. According to the literature data, fetal echocardiography (FE) is highly sensitive in detecting congenital heart defects (CHDs) between 20 and 24 weeks of gestation. Its sensitivity depends on timing of the examination, diagnostician’s experience, type of CHD, and the number of examinations performed in a single pregnant woman. The aim of our study was to determine the best time for FE examination, as well as possible need for an increased number of examinations in order to improve sensitivity of prenatal diagnosing of CHD. We wish to give our own contribution to the increase of the FE sensitivity. Results: The study involved 1380 pregnant women examined in Fetal cardiology clinic in the University Hospital Centre Zagreb between 1st January 2012 and 1st January 2015. Since some pregnant women were examined two or more times, a total of 2001 examinations were performed, making an average of 600 to 670 examinations performed annually. Most of the indications for FE were determined by obstetricians, while some pregnant women were referred for FE by their rheumatologist, genetic medicine specialist, or physicians of other subspecialties. A few pregnant women were examined at their own request. CHD was diagnosed on FE examination in 14.2% of pregnant women, or rather 196 fetuses. The time window that CHD was most commonly diagnosed in ranged between 22 and 28, or 32 and 36 weeks of gestation (64 + 57 = 121 or 61.7%). Most of the CHDs were detected on the first FE examination, with 27 pregnant women (10.3%) diagnosed on the 2nd or the 3rd examination. Conclusion: The first FE examination should be performed in pregnant women with risk factors for CHD between 22 and 28 weeks of gestation, with a follow-up FE after 32 weeks of gestation. In order to improve the sensitivity of prenatal diagnosing of CHD each pregnant woman should be examined at least twice. Pregnant women with systemic connective tissue disease need to be proposed for FE before 15 weeks of gestation.

Volumen: 11-12, 2017

Liječ Vjesn 2017;139:379–387